Back

Perspectives Topic

Extremes

What is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle?

The phases of ENSO have far-reaching effects that shape weather patterns worldwide

by Sierra Chapin-Keller

How warm air and water vapor create extreme weather

Why climate change is making rain heavier, droughts longer, and storms stronger

by Charlotte Venner

What is the urban heat island effect?

In a warmer climate, this phenomenon can make our cities dangerously hot

by Nabig Chaudhry

How is flood risk changing?

Flood risk depends on much more than just precipitation

by Charlotte Venner

What is a 1-in-100-year storm?

A 1-in-100-year storm has a 1% chance of occurring in any given year

by Charlotte Venner

What is wet-bulb temperature?

This measure helps us understand how hot is too hot for the human body

by Charlotte Venner